Chromosome Linked Disease

X linked nevelpastrain fallen to son. ecasive x"x if mother in cauies half of the sons will be affected. xay affected father all daughter will he cauliers. Y listed only males all sons of affected father will be affected dominant Ay father in affected all daughters affected Penalal & Post natal test HCG test ultrasonography Pregnancy associated Plasma Protein- A PAPP-A headsizefthody size -> cansay predict If factor have anyetromoome defects. defect HGHCGT & PAPP-A Amnicenteris amirotic fluid test & petoprote only after 15th - 18th neural tobe dejects. week Chorionic villos sampling be

Per total Heterosygote screening screening for muses in a population Calculate the chance of affected individuals in a generation Pleotropy most cell 1 gene many phenotypic role 1L4 Tcell Beeu Redendancy multipligene single theretype 1L2 THE TH cell activation 145 Synnagy 144 + Togetha Bcell*. 1L5 they come together to execute arole. IHialone class switching rate 100 1L5 class switching rate 200 when they execute together the effect is greater than additive effect - called synneigestic effect Antagoristic 144 IfNr.