Cell Respiration

Cell Respiration Respiration is when the ATP molecule loses a phosphate and 30.7kJ of energy is released (controlled by the enzyme ATPase) Free phosphate is released from the ATP Addition of phosphate to ADP is called phosphorylation Define cell respiration ● controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells in the form of ATP Declare that during cell respiration, glycolysis converts cytoplasmic glucose into pyruvate with a low yield of ATP. ● Glucose is first broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules and a small amount of ATP in the cytoplasm Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP ● In humans: ○ Pyruvate à lactic acid ○ In yeast (fungi and plants): ■ Pyruvate à ethanol + carbon dioxide Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP ● Takes place in the mitochondria ● Carbon dioxide, water and a large amount of ATP is produced