Biological Classification: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Virus & Lichen

Biological Classification - Part II, Monera, Protista, Fungi, Virus, Viroid & Lichen

Monera, (Monos-single) Includes prokaryotes Features of Kingdom Monera - Unicellular organisms (except 1 mycelial group) Genetic material: Naked coiled DNA Nucleus & cytoplasmic organelles absent Cytoplasmic organelles: Both types of ribosome, simple chromatophores Gas vacuole may be present instead of sap vacuole Mode of nutrition: Absorptive, photosynthetic & chemosynthetic Motility: Non-motile, simple flagellar or gliding, Shapes: Stalked Budded Filament Spirillum Vibrio Bacilli Cocci, Bacterial Nutrition: Types Heterotrophic Autotrophic, Protista Single-celled eukaryotes Features of Kingdom Protista Unicellular organisms Primarily aquatic Link between plants, animals & fungi Well defined nucleus & membrane-bound organelles Reproduction: Asexual & sexual Mode of nutrition: Photosynthetic, holotrophic & mixotrophic, Major Protist Groups: Chrysophytes Dinoflagellates Protozoans Euglenoids Slime moulds, Amoeboid Flagellates Sporozoans Ciliates, Features of Kingdom Fungi: Thallus organisation: Mycelial, non-mycelial Cell organisation: Made of chitin & cellulose Cell-wall: Cellulose-glycogen, cellulose-chitin or polygalactosamine-galactan Nutrition: Parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic Reproduction: Vegetative: fragmentation, budding & fission Asexual: Sporangiospores, zoospores & conidia Sexual: In all fungi (except Deuteromycotina) Classification: Phycomycetes (Rhizopus/mucor, Albugo), Ascomycetes (Yeast), Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Virus: Not truly living species: Genetic material: DNA or RNA - Nucleoprotein & genetic material Capsid protects nucleic acid, Viroids: Lack protein coat: Smaller than virus RNA has low molecular weight, Lichens: Symbiotic associations: Symbiosis between algae & fungi Algal component: Phycobiont Fungal component: Mycobiont