The Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types

Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types: Must Be True / Most Supported 1. Main Point 2. Point at Issue / Point of Agreement 3. Assumption (Necessary Assumptions) 4. Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Strengthen / Support 6. Resolve the Paradox 7. Weaken 8. Method of Reasoning 9. Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Evaluate the Argument 12. Cannot Be True 13. Always refer to the question types by name, as that it is an easier and more efficient approach Example: Question asks to you "weaken" the argument ○ • Must be True/Most Supported: These are the "must be true" questions • Ask you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the stimulus. • 1. Example of Must Be True Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage Main Point: Variant of must be true questions • Main point questions asks you to fid the primary conclusion made by the author. • 2. Example of Main Point Questions: The main point of the argument is that Point at Issue / Point of Agreement: 3. Point at Issue: Require you to identify a point of contention between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli. ○ • Point of Agreement: Require you to identify a point of agreement between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli ○ • Examples of Point at Issue / Point of Agreement Point at Issue: "Jones and Smith disagree about whether" Point of Agreement: "Achelle's and Hakim's statements provide the most support fir the claim that they agree about which one of the following?" Assumption (Necessary Assumption) 4. Wants you to identify an assumption of the authors argument. • Examples of Assumptions: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Ask you to supply a piece of information that when added to the premises, proves the conclusion • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if assumed allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn? Strengthen / Support 6. Ask you to provide support for the author's argument or strengthens it in some way • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above? Resolve the Paradox 7. Every Resolve the Paradox stimulus contains a discrepancy or seeming contradiction • You must find the answer choice that best resolves the situation. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively resolve the apparent paradox above? Weaken 8. Asks you to attack or undermine the author's argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Method of Reasoning 9. Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the author made his or her argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, describes the technique of reasoning used above? Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning committed by the author. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The reasoning in the mayor's argument is flawed because this argument Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above? Evaluate the Argument 12. You must decide which answer choice will allow you to determine the logical validity of the argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The answer to which one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument? Cannot be True 13. Asks you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true? The Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types

Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types: Must Be True / Most Supported 1. Main Point 2. Point at Issue / Point of Agreement 3. Assumption (Necessary Assumptions) 4. Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Strengthen / Support 6. Resolve the Paradox 7. Weaken 8. Method of Reasoning 9. Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Evaluate the Argument 12. Cannot Be True 13. Always refer to the question types by name, as that it is an easier and more efficient approach Example: Question asks to you "weaken" the argument ○ • Must be True/Most Supported: These are the "must be true" questions • Ask you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the stimulus. • 1. Example of Must Be True Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage Main Point: Variant of must be true questions • Main point questions asks you to fid the primary conclusion made by the author. • 2. Example of Main Point Questions: The main point of the argument is that Point at Issue / Point of Agreement: 3. Point at Issue: Require you to identify a point of contention between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli. ○ • Point of Agreement: Require you to identify a point of agreement between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli ○ • Examples of Point at Issue / Point of Agreement Point at Issue: "Jones and Smith disagree about whether" Point of Agreement: "Achelle's and Hakim's statements provide the most support fir the claim that they agree about which one of the following?" Assumption (Necessary Assumption) 4. Wants you to identify an assumption of the authors argument. • Examples of Assumptions: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Ask you to supply a piece of information that when added to the premises, proves the conclusion • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if assumed allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn? Strengthen / Support 6. Ask you to provide support for the author's argument or strengthens it in some way • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above? Resolve the Paradox 7. Every Resolve the Paradox stimulus contains a discrepancy or seeming contradiction • You must find the answer choice that best resolves the situation. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively resolve the apparent paradox above? Weaken 8. Asks you to attack or undermine the author's argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Method of Reasoning 9. Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the author made his or her argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, describes the technique of reasoning used above? Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning committed by the author. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The reasoning in the mayor's argument is flawed because this argument Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above? Evaluate the Argument 12. You must decide which answer choice will allow you to determine the logical validity of the argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The answer to which one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument? Cannot be True 13. Asks you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true? The Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types

Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types: Must Be True / Most Supported 1. Main Point 2. Point at Issue / Point of Agreement 3. Assumption (Necessary Assumptions) 4. Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Strengthen / Support 6. Resolve the Paradox 7. Weaken 8. Method of Reasoning 9. Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Evaluate the Argument 12. Cannot Be True 13. Always refer to the question types by name, as that it is an easier and more efficient approach Example: Question asks to you "weaken" the argument ○ • Must be True/Most Supported: These are the "must be true" questions • Ask you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the stimulus. • 1. Example of Must Be True Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage Main Point: Variant of must be true questions • Main point questions asks you to fid the primary conclusion made by the author. • 2. Example of Main Point Questions: The main point of the argument is that Point at Issue / Point of Agreement: 3. Point at Issue: Require you to identify a point of contention between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli. ○ • Point of Agreement: Require you to identify a point of agreement between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli ○ • Examples of Point at Issue / Point of Agreement Point at Issue: "Jones and Smith disagree about whether" Point of Agreement: "Achelle's and Hakim's statements provide the most support fir the claim that they agree about which one of the following?" Assumption (Necessary Assumption) 4. Wants you to identify an assumption of the authors argument. • Examples of Assumptions: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Ask you to supply a piece of information that when added to the premises, proves the conclusion • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if assumed allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn? Strengthen / Support 6. Ask you to provide support for the author's argument or strengthens it in some way • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above? Resolve the Paradox 7. Every Resolve the Paradox stimulus contains a discrepancy or seeming contradiction • You must find the answer choice that best resolves the situation. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively resolve the apparent paradox above? Weaken 8. Asks you to attack or undermine the author's argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Method of Reasoning 9. Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the author made his or her argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, describes the technique of reasoning used above? Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning committed by the author. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The reasoning in the mayor's argument is flawed because this argument Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above? Evaluate the Argument 12. You must decide which answer choice will allow you to determine the logical validity of the argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The answer to which one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument? Cannot be True 13. Asks you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true? The Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types

Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types: Must Be True / Most Supported 1. Main Point 2. Point at Issue / Point of Agreement 3. Assumption (Necessary Assumptions) 4. Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Strengthen / Support 6. Resolve the Paradox 7. Weaken 8. Method of Reasoning 9. Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Evaluate the Argument 12. Cannot Be True 13. Always refer to the question types by name, as that it is an easier and more efficient approach Example: Question asks to you "weaken" the argument ○ • Must be True/Most Supported: These are the "must be true" questions • Ask you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the stimulus. • 1. Example of Must Be True Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage Main Point: Variant of must be true questions • Main point questions asks you to fid the primary conclusion made by the author. • 2. Example of Main Point Questions: The main point of the argument is that Point at Issue / Point of Agreement: 3. Point at Issue: Require you to identify a point of contention between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli. ○ • Point of Agreement: Require you to identify a point of agreement between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli ○ • Examples of Point at Issue / Point of Agreement Point at Issue: "Jones and Smith disagree about whether" Point of Agreement: "Achelle's and Hakim's statements provide the most support fir the claim that they agree about which one of the following?" Assumption (Necessary Assumption) 4. Wants you to identify an assumption of the authors argument. • Examples of Assumptions: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Ask you to supply a piece of information that when added to the premises, proves the conclusion • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if assumed allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn? Strengthen / Support 6. Ask you to provide support for the author's argument or strengthens it in some way • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above? Resolve the Paradox 7. Every Resolve the Paradox stimulus contains a discrepancy or seeming contradiction • You must find the answer choice that best resolves the situation. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively resolve the apparent paradox above? Weaken 8. Asks you to attack or undermine the author's argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Method of Reasoning 9. Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the author made his or her argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, describes the technique of reasoning used above? Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning committed by the author. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The reasoning in the mayor's argument is flawed because this argument Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above? Evaluate the Argument 12. You must decide which answer choice will allow you to determine the logical validity of the argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The answer to which one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument? Cannot be True 13. Asks you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true? The Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types

Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types: Must Be True / Most Supported 1. Main Point 2. Point at Issue / Point of Agreement 3. Assumption (Necessary Assumptions) 4. Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Strengthen / Support 6. Resolve the Paradox 7. Weaken 8. Method of Reasoning 9. Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Evaluate the Argument 12. Cannot Be True 13. Always refer to the question types by name, as that it is an easier and more efficient approach Example: Question asks to you "weaken" the argument ○ • Must be True/Most Supported: These are the "must be true" questions • Ask you to identify the answer choice that is best proven by the information in the stimulus. • 1. Example of Must Be True Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true? Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage Main Point: Variant of must be true questions • Main point questions asks you to fid the primary conclusion made by the author. • 2. Example of Main Point Questions: The main point of the argument is that Point at Issue / Point of Agreement: 3. Point at Issue: Require you to identify a point of contention between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli. ○ • Point of Agreement: Require you to identify a point of agreement between two speakers ○ These questions appear almost exclusively with two-speaker stimuli ○ • Examples of Point at Issue / Point of Agreement Point at Issue: "Jones and Smith disagree about whether" Point of Agreement: "Achelle's and Hakim's statements provide the most support fir the claim that they agree about which one of the following?" Assumption (Necessary Assumption) 4. Wants you to identify an assumption of the authors argument. • Examples of Assumptions: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? Justify the Conclusion (Sufficient Assumption) 5. Ask you to supply a piece of information that when added to the premises, proves the conclusion • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if assumed allows the conclusion above to be properly drawn? Strengthen / Support 6. Ask you to provide support for the author's argument or strengthens it in some way • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the statement above? Resolve the Paradox 7. Every Resolve the Paradox stimulus contains a discrepancy or seeming contradiction • You must find the answer choice that best resolves the situation. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively resolve the apparent paradox above? Weaken 8. Asks you to attack or undermine the author's argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? Method of Reasoning 9. Asks you to describe, in abstract terms, the way in which the author made his or her argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following, describes the technique of reasoning used above? Flaw in the Reasoning 10. Ask you to describe, in abstract terms, the error of reasoning committed by the author. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The reasoning in the mayor's argument is flawed because this argument Parallel Reasoning / Parallel Flaw 11. Ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning presented in the stimulus. • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above? Evaluate the Argument 12. You must decide which answer choice will allow you to determine the logical validity of the argument • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: The answer to which one of the following questions would contribute most to an evaluation of the argument? Cannot be True 13. Asks you to identify the answer choice that cannot be true or is most weakened based on the information in the stimulus • Examples of Justify the Conclusion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true? The Thirteen Logical Reasoning Question Types