Ligaments

p {margin: 0; padding: 0;} .ft00{font-size:19px;font-family:Arial;color:#ff0000;} .ft01{font-size:16px;font-family:ArialMT;color:#000000;} .ft02{font-size:16px;font-family:MS-PGothic;color:#37751c;} .ft03{font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:#37751c;} .ft04{font-size:16px;line-height:21px;font-family:ArialMT;color:#000000;} Ligaments - The acromioclavicular ligament is placed on the upper surface of the joint. THE outermostbundles of this structure arise from the fibrous transformation of the acromion muscle fibersof the trapezius. - The coracoclavicular ligaments, four in number, all originate from thecoracoid process. * The trapezoid ligament joins the outer-inferior part of the clavicle to the edge internal of thecoracoid process. It keeps the end of the clavicle down and in.* The conoid ligament originates on the underside of the clavicle and ends on the verticalpart of the coracoid process. This ligament is located in a plane perpendicular to thetrapezoid ligament. This “crossed” arrangement gives the whole thing a particularly effectivetorque structure.* The internal coracoclavicular ligament connects the internal edge of the coracoid on theunderside of the clavicle.* The external coracoclavicular ligament arises, most often, from a thickening of the pectoralaponeurosis. All of these ligamentous structures aim to hold the clavicle down. Any damageto this system will manifest as an acromioclavicular dislocation, with the clavicle protrudingupwards. ➢ Sternoclavicular This joint stiffens the shoulder girdle and provides a fixed anterior support point, essential fordeveloping muscular strength. The sternoclavicular joint also involves the first rib. Thedifferent bone pieces are joined together by fibrocartilage and ligaments. This joint has twodegrees of freedom, along a vertical axis (lowering or elevation of the clavicle) and along anantero-posterior axis (antepulsion and retropulsion). The association of the movementsgenerated by the trapezoid along these two axes gives a circumduction movement. ➢ Scapulo-thoracic gliding space The serratus major is separated from the chest wall by a large cellular space which acts as asliding plane for the scapula. During arm abduction movements beyond 0°, the scapulaslides on this cellular plane, moving its pin outwards and upwards, which has the effect oforienting the glenoid cavity upwards. This slip is essential for abduction beyond 0° ➢ Muscles The muscles participating in one side of the shoulder girdle are in number, they can bedivided into three groups: - Posterior(supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres lesser and greater,rhomboids lesser and greater, large serratus, latissimus dorsi and angular scapula). -Superior(trapezius and deltoid). - Previous(pectoralis major and minor, subscapularis,coracobrachialis and biceps).