Enzyme System

Enzyme A biomolocule Protein that art as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reans The molecules upon which enzymes may out are called Substrates and the enzyme converts the substrates into diff. molecules known as products H does not affect the equilibrium of the Catalyzed rean. It enhances the rate of reaction by providing a reaction path with actianism of unzyme action a lower activation energy. Fa rean An uneatalyzed rean require a higher activation energy than does a Ea Catalyzed rean Catalyzed rean Readant AG There is no difference in free energy Adts b/w latalyzed and uncatalyzed reans. Course of can if the rean is endergonir the presence of enzyme will not shift its equilibrium so that more products can be formed it simply speed up the rate at which rean proceeds towards its final equilibrium

Coenzyme eg NAD+ many vitamone. An A non proteinaceous organic substance that usually wrdan a vitamin or mineral and combines with a specific protein, the apart to form an active enzyme system. - Required for the actin of certain enzymes - Acts as a transient larriers of specific functional groups - NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide -A wenzyme present In most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; Serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes. NADP, nicotinamide and adenne dinucleotide phosphate- Countyn similar to NAD and present in most living cells serve as a reductant in different metabolic processes. wenzyme A Countyme present in all living cells ; essential to metabolism of Carbohydrates and fats and some aminoacids Coenzyme Q, ubiquinone - -Any of several quinones found In living cells and that function as coenzymes that transfer electrons from one molecule to another in cell respiration. to factor A Wfactor is a non protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and is required for the proteins biological activity. These proteine are commonly enzymes and cofactor can be

considered 'helper molecules" that assist in biochemial transformation. - Cofactors are eitha organic 1 Inorganic They can also be classified depending on how tightly they bind to an enzyme with loosely bound coffectors termed coenzymes and lightly bound cofactors termed prosthetic gps - organic factor such as flavm / heme and Inorganic cofactor such as the metal ions Mgat, Cu+, Mn at or iron - Sulfur cluster 7 Holoonzyme (Aportryment wfactor) A complete catalytically active enzyme together with its bound countyne and Or metal ions is called holoenzyme Aprinzime- Protein Part of an enzyme. Substrate Systemate Name According to IUPAC-International union Activesite enzyme of pure and Applied chemistry an enzyme has two parts 1 First part - Name of the substrates for the enzyme enzyme substrat complex - Second part - type of rean catalyzed Product by the enzyme This part ends with the Suffix 'ase" Ex. Lactate Dehydroginare (.H remives hydragn NAD+ from Tactate LDH pyruvate + NADH+ H+ Lactalet