Lecture Note
University
Stanford UniversityCourse
MED 101 | Human AnatomyPages
1
Academic year
2023
larbi43100
Views
0
p {margin: 0; padding: 0;} .ft00{font-size:18px;font-family:Arial;color:#cc0000;} .ft01{font-size:16px;font-family:ArialMT;color:#000000;} .ft02{font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:#37751c;} .ft03{font-size:16px;line-height:21px;font-family:ArialMT;color:#000000;} EVOLUTION OF THE MIDDLE PRIMITIVE INTESTINE The midgut represents the middle portion of the primitive intestine, in communication via theyolk duct with the yolk sac. It extends from the outlet of the common bile duct to the junctionwith the hindgut upstream of the outlet of the allantois. These limits correspond in adults tothe duodenal segment downstream of the common bile duct up to the junction of the middleand distal thirds of the transverse colon. Three main stages mark the evolution of thissegment of the digestive tract: a significant elongation which will give rise to the handlesintestinal;development partly outside the abdominal cavity (physiological hernia)a double rotation of the intestinal loops in the hernia and time of reintegration into theabdomen. 1) Formation of the primitive intestinal loop At the 6th week, the rapid lengthening of the mid intestine determines the formation of theprimitive intestinal loop, in communication at its top with the vitelline duct. The opening ofthis canal marks the limit between the cranial part of the primitive intestinal loop (which willgive rise to the distal third of the duodenum and the jejuno-ileum) and the caudal part of theloop (which will give rise to the terminal segment of the ileum, the ascending colon and theproximal third of the transverse colon). Due to this elongation and the very rapiddevelopment of the hepatic anlage, the volume of the abdominal cavity becomes insufficientto accommodate the entire digestive tract. The primitive intestinal loop therefore continuesits development partially in the umbilical cord and forms a physiological hernia between the6th and 10th week of development. 2) Rotation of the intestinal loops Two successive rotations will occur at the level of the primitive intestinal loop: A first rotationof 90° counterclockwise according to a ventral view then a second of 180° stillcounterclockwise. a watch, or 270° in total. The first 90° rotation is located in thephysiological hernia: the cranial part of the primitive loop moves towards the right of theembryo. This first rotation is completed at the 8th week. At the same time, the vitelline loop continues to lengthen and forms the jejuno-ileal loopswhich begin their reintegration from the 10th week. This reintegration is done in an orderlymanner:The proximal part of the jejunum first comes to be placed to the left of the abdominalcavity following the duodenum, then the loops follow one another and are placed to the rightof the previous one. The cecum, which is a dilatation that appears just downstream of thevitelline duct, is placed last under the liver. At the same time as reintegration takes place, thesecond 180° rotation occurs, bringing the caudal part of the primitive loop (future colon) infront of the duodenum. This caudal portion lengthens little but sees its diameter increase. Atthe end of the reintegration and the double rotation, the cecum slides downward and endsup returning to its anatomical position in the right iliac fossa. From the 8th week, the yolkcanal begins to regress and it has normally disappeared over most of its course when theloops reintegrate.
Evolution Of The Middle Primitive Intestine
Please or to post comments