Lecture Note
University
Stanford UniversityCourse
MED 101 | Human AnatomyPages
3
Academic year
2023
larbi43100
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Tendinitis of the angular scapula ❉ Etiology Angular tendonitis concerns the lower attachments of this muscle (scapular insertion). Thesetendinitis are encountered following exercises involving the neck (contralateral flexion androtation of the head) or violent exercises of the ipsilateral shoulder. ❉ Diagnosis . Physical examination The patient generally consults for a low, unilateral torticollis. On inspection, the neck is slightly tilted to the painful side, a bulge secondary to musclecontraction is sometimes visible. The pain is located at the lower insertion of the angular. It isincreased by tilting the head to the opposite side and opposing lowering of the shoulderstump. The painful point can be palpated under the trapezius. This tendonitis can sometimesbe associated with cellular fatty damage to the subscapular sliding plane. In this case,crackles can be heard during active mobilization of the scapula. X-ray examination The cervical spine x-rayed from the front and in profile shows stiffness ofthe spine, sometimes an inversion of the curvature. 3/4 shots are normal. Ultrasound andMRI are of no interest. ❉ Treatment The treatment will combine relaxing and analgesic massages (three times/week), ultrasoundand a relaxing drug treatment (Myolastan, Décontractyl, etc.). NSAIDs are rarely used in thistype of pathology, given the weakness of the inflammatory component. The treatment will beextended to the dorsal and cervical spine (mobilization, bodybuilding), including the Staticdisorders that can be the cause of this tendinitis. ❉ Etiology Latissimus dorsi strains occur during internal rotation and adduction movements. ❉ Diagnosis . Physical examination Palpation of the back finds a unilateral or bilateral muscle contractionand sometimes an exquisite tender point at the injured region. The thwarted internal rotationcauses pain in the injured region, as does the thwarted retropulsion. . X-ray examinationUltrasound can show disorganization of muscle fibers, intramuscular hematoma isexceptional. ❉ Treatment The treatment is identical to that proposed for the pectoralis major. ➢ Subscapularis tendonitis ❉ Etiology The main movements involved are internal rotations of the arm. ❉ Diagnosis . Physical examination Subscapularis tendinitis manifests itself as anteriorshoulder pain. The latter is located in the deltopectoral groove (between the coracoid and
the humerus). The pain is increased during adduction and contrary internal rotation of thearm. . Radiological examination Only MRI can show damage to the humeral insertion of thisbone. In practice this examination will never be prescribed under these conditions. ❉ Treatment Anti-inflammatory treatment for this tendinitis must be early and intense to avoid theextension of this process to the groove of the long biceps. He will understand: . Multi-daycryotherapy . Daily physiotherapy (ionization and ultrasound). . NSAID prescription.Resumption of training will only be authorized after the complete disappearance of theinflammatory phenomenon. ➢ Coraco-brachialis tendonitis ❉ Etiology Coraco-brachialis tendonitis is rare and often difficult to distinguish from that of the pectoralisminor (the most common) and that of the short biceps. It originates from movements inflexion/adduction of the arm, exceptionally carried out iteratively otherwise in the weightrooms. ❉ Diagnosis . Physical examination The tendon of this muscle can be palpated at the level of its insertion on the coracoid. The pain is evident during retropulsion and internalrotation movements of the arm. . Radiological examination MRI can show an area of hyperbrilliance on T2 which does not allow differentiation of coracobrachialis and short bicepsinjuries. ❉ Treatment Coracobrachialis tendonitis responds very well to ultrasound and MTP, if the lesion is old. NSAIDs are rarely necessary. ➢ Tendonitis of the small pectoralis ❉ Etiology Tendinitis of the pectoralis minor can be encountered during repetitive movements of the shoulder back and forth. The "push-ups", classic in handball as a"punishment", the pull-ups on a fixed bar generate this type of pathology. ❉ Diagnosis . Physical examination The patient presents with pain located on the coracoid process which is practically impossible to dissociate from tendonitis of the insertion of theshort biceps. Palpation easily finds the exquisite painful point on this apophysis. Theopposing lowering of the shoulder causes an increase in pain. . Radiological examinationOnly MRI is likely to show on T2 an area of hyper brilliance at the level of the coracoidprocess. ❉ Treatment The treatment is identical to that described for the coracobrachialis. ➢ Pectoralis major strain ❉ Etiology As for the other internal rotators of the shoulder, the pectoralis major strain occurs duringblocked shots. ❉ Diagnosis . Physical examination The athlete feels violent pain in the middle part of his muscle. Thispain can radiate into the arm. The thwarted adduction is responsible for pain in the affected
region as well as the antepulsion (arm at 0°) and the thwarted internal rotation. If the patientis examined at a later stage a hematoma may have developed next to the lesion. . Unlike thelatissimus dorsi, it is common to find a deep hematoma in the pectoralis major during theultrasound study. ❉ Treatment The treatment combines, from the first day, multi-day cryotherapy with analgesic and anti-inflammatory electrotherapy. Immobilization of the arm is only proposed inthe presence of significant pain. After the hematoma has disappeared and the lesion hashealed (4 to 6 weeks), the rehabilitation will aim to stretch the muscle to restore itsphysiology; ultrasound can be used during this phase of the rehabilitation to defibrate thescar tissue.
Tendinitis of the Angular Scapula
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