Cell Basics

CELLS No Date ID . Cell basics - About 100 trillion cells in a human - Size and shape related to function - in general very small, but a range of sizes 1. 8- - 140 Mm in diameter , but typically 10 - 20 um ( um = 1/1000 mm or 1/25.000 inch ) - The Generalized Cell and its major parts 1. plasma membrane separates inside From outside 2. nucleus IS the control center 3. cyboplasm IS everything between the nucleus and the plasma membrane 17. The Plasma Membrane - Structure 1. Phospholipid bilayer IS the basic structure 2. Cholesterol 3 - Protein 4. Carbohydrates - Basic Functions 1. Communication within body and with non-self cells 2. Devines boundaries and protects 3. Maintains chemical and electrical gradients 4. Selective permeability - controls what gets in and out. - Membrane Transport 1. passive (cells does not use up its own energy). 2. Active (requires the cell to use its ATP ) Nucleus - usually round, at all center 1. Double membrane 2. Has large nuclear. pores

No Date 3. Contains nucleoli - parts to make ribosomes 4. Contains DNA ID. Organelles - Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1. Membranous network of channels 2. Rough ER 3. Smooth ER - . Golg Complex 1. Stacked membranous sac 2. Processing, sorting, packaging of ER produc 3. Makes vesicles for transport to destinations inside cell, / or for secretion. -. Lysosomes 1. Sacs contain digestives enzymes - Peroxisomes 1. sacs contain oxidative enzimes - O2 used to detoxify harmful substances - Mitochondria 1. Double-membraned, makes ATP via celluler respiration - Vaults 1. Probably involved in transport between nucleus and cytoplasm - Centrosome 1. Found near nucleus 2. Concists of centrioles (protein tubules ) surrounded by a centrosomes maltix (a cloud of protein) 3. Organizing center for parts of the of the cytoskeleton.