Lecture Note
University
High SchoolCourse
High School PsychologyPages
2
Academic year
2023
Eziafa Ilabor
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0
AP Psychology Module 13 - Behavioral genetics - transmission of hereditary characteristics is achieved by biologicalprocesses (including gametogenesis, fertilization, embryonic development, and proteinsynthesis) - Chromosomes carry info stored in genes to new cells during cell division(reproduction) Humans normally have 46 chromosomes - Females - xx chromosomes (23) - Males - xy chromosomes (23) - If a person gets on uneven am puberty - DNA - a complex molecule consisting of the genetic information that makes upthe chromosomes - Genes - the biochemical units of heredity that that make up thechromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins - Genome - (the overall structure) (how the dna will come together with theamino acids) - blueprint - The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting ofall the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes - Sexual development disorders - Turner syndrome - females have only one X sex chromosome (shown inpuberty) - will give the female of webbed neck, lacking of ovaries andfailing to develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty - Klinefelter syndrome - males arise from a XXY zygote. (also shown inpuberty) reproduction doesn’t work, development of breast tissue - Twin Studies - Identical twins - have identical DNA since they formed from a singlezygote (fertilized egg) - Identical twins reported similar personalities - Identical twins are much more alike in extraversion (outgoingness)and neuroticism (emotional instability) - Twins could be different if they produce different amounts ofproteins - Fraternal twins - siblings formed from two different eggs - Compared with rates for fraternal twins, drinking and driving convictionsare 12 times greater among those who have an identical twin with such aconviction - Genomes - different for each twin (height, personality, etc)\ - Molecular behavior genetics - to find some of the many genes that togetherorchestrate complex traits such as body weight, sexual orientation, andimpulsivity - Epigenetics - genes reacting to our environment - studies the molecularmechanisms by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression - Genes as (ex - hot water activating a tea bag) active or inactive
- Environmental factors (diet, drugs, living environment,and stress) canaffect the epigenetic molecules that regulate gene expression - Ex - trauma , poverty, or malnutrition during a childhood could affectepigenetics
Genetic Factors and Behavior in Psychology
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