Lecture Note
University
High SchoolCourse
High School PsychologyPages
3
Academic year
2023
Eziafa Ilabor
Views
0
- Sigmund Freud - (subconscience and consciousness make up personality) - Repressed - forcibly blocked from our conscious mind - Id - the personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires (animal instincts) - Supergo - a series of socially-trained drives and factors like conscience, morality, altruism, duty, responsibility, planning for the future - Ego - the mediator that essentially mediates what we actually did - and would - act to provide for our future - All go against each other in finding out the right solution to the problem - Freud believed that if neglected, these desires of the id would be repressed andmanifest themselves latently in our behavior - Pyschosexual stages (theory…) - Oral - (0-18 months) fixation on the month-sucking, biting, chewing - Anal (18-36 months) fixation on bowel and bladder control; copung with demands for control - Phallic (3-6 years) pleasure zone in the genitals; coping with incestous sexual feelings - boys love mother, consider father rival, try to become therival and adopt their beliefs and morals and gender identity during thisphase (modeling stage from your parents, like your dad to get with yourmom) - Latency (6 to puberty) - phrase of dormant sexual feelings - Gentil (puberty onward) maturation of sexual feelings - Fixation and Repression - Fixation - pleasure seeking from the childhood stage in an adultpersonality - Ex - if an adult had been deprived or oral stimulation oroverstimulation - Repression - the suppression of our Id’s desires - Freud believed that the more repression will lead it to appear indreams - Freudian slips - an error in speech, memory, or physical actionthat occurs due to the interference of an unconscious subduedwish or internal train of thought - Ex - one with a repressing sex drive might try to count butmight say sex instead of six - Types of repression - Regression - retreating to a more infantile stage ofdevelopment - Reaction formation - switching unacceptable impulses intotheir opposites - Projection - disguising one’s own threatening impulses byattributing them to other
- Rationalization - offering self-justifying explanations inplace of the ore real, threatening unconscious reasons forone’s actions - Displacement - shifting sexual or aggressive impulsestoward a more acceptable or less threatening object orperson - Sublimation - transferring of unacceptable impulses intosocially valued motives or professions (using angry for apreductive activity) - Denial - refusing to accept or perceive painful realities - Psychanalysis - Freud believed that one could decode our latent unconscious desires byanalyzing the manifest content - free association therapy - saying whatever comes to your mind regardless of how vulgar or embarrassing it may be. The key to freeassociation was to allow speech and the mind to flow freely - Freud believed that hypnosis could be used to discover unconsciousdesires or problems as patents cound perhaps tap into the unconsciousmind or forgotten/blocked memories - Thematic apprerceptation test (TAT) prompts the patient to tell a storyabout an ambigous picture - Inkblok test - made by Herman Rorschach - shows how ambiguousinkblots and prompts the patient to provide the first word or words thatcome to mind - Alfred Adler - (student of Freud) believed that childhood social tensions arecrucial for personality development - Believed any lingering or repressed issues from the past - Focused on childhood trauma will affect your adulthood later in life - Carl Jung - propounded the controversial concept of the collective unconscious - Believed in a common reservoir of images or archetypes derived from ourspecies universal experience - Ex - in nearly all cultures, order, conquest, and time arerepresented by fathers or males, and creation, nurture, and chaosare generally represented by mothers or females - Behavioral and social cognition personality theory - Behaviorists exclusively believed that our pesonalities were shaped bylearned experience. (nurture) - Social cognition - researchers asserted that personality was actually aninteraction of environmental, cognition, and personal factor (genetic) - Fails to recognized nature - Reciprocal determinism (Albert Bandura) - the intereadction of theenvironment, traits, and cognition - social cognition theoristsbelieved that these three factors interact to produce one’spreferences and behavior
- Self-actualization - at or near the high point of the needs hierarchy, whereone helped their community and the greater world - To realize your own potential or weakness to get better - Self-effecacy - a belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations oraccomplish a task - by developing their confidence and competence - Believing in yourself - Carl Rogers - founding humanist psychologist - believed that one’s ability toself-actualize could be achieved through person-centered perspective - a therapeutic technique centered around the patient and their own self-assesment.The purpose of this is to let the patient guide the conversation and self-assesstheir own weaknesses, problems, strengths, and solutions - Positive self-concept - viewing themselves as generally good and capableof improvement. It is done by … - Genuineness - required for someone to truly accept themselvesand be accepted among loved ones. Must drop our faceds thatfilter our true personality - Acceptance - they will respect your genuineness as your bestattempt to live a meaningful life (regardless of how well youactually do according to their standards) - Unconditional positive regard - the idea that people respect youragency to choose to act or respond to life your best possible effort - Empathy - required for one to feel listened to and understood. Onemust hear the message of the patient and reflect their meaningback to the patient (showing active listening)
Sigmund Freud and Personality Theories in Psychology
Please or to post comments