Lecture Note
P AT H OL OG Y Semester 2 , CVS , Lecture 1 MCQ
1 CVS Pathology - Lecture 1 - MCQ Dr Mustafa Elsudani 1. Which of the following is an example of active hyperemia:- a) Hemorrhagic diseaseb) Inflammationc) Fatty liverd) Leg after deliverye) Cloudy swelling of the kidney 2. Which of the following represents active hyperemia:- a) A 21 year old medical student who develops a red hot face after being asked aquestion in the lectureb) A 69 year old male patient who died due to right sided heart failure and had anutmeg liverc) A patient with mitral stenosis whose lungs show brown indurationd) A 6 year old boy who develops severe pain due to testicular torsione) A 71 year old female patient who developed hemorrhage due to Vit C deficiency 3. Congestion is:- a) Active dilatation of veins and venulesb) Passive dilatation of veins and venulesc) Active dilatation of arteriolesd) Active hyperemiae) Active dilatation of the heart
2 4. Congestion means:- a) Active process in which arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flowb) Passive process resulting from reduced outflow of blood from a tissuec) Severe and generalized edemad) Fluid collections in peritoneal cavity 5. A 55 year old female patient is complaining of generalized pittingedema starting at her lower limbs. On physical examination therewas cyanosis, congested neck veins and enlarged congested liver.The most probable diagnosis is:- a) Nephrotic syndromeb) Right sided HFc) Protein losing enteropathyd) Filariasise) Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis 6. All of the followings are general effects of right sided HF except:- a) Congested neck veinsb) Cyanosisc) Congestion of all organs except lungsd) Cardiac edema 7. Dilatation of blood channels in the center of liver lobules withshrinkage of liver cells in this area is seen as:- a) Acute active congestionb) Acute passive congestionc) Chronic passive congestiond) Chronic active congestione) None of the above
3 8. In a patient with chronic right ventricular failure, the usualpathologic change which occurs in the liver is:- a) Acute inflammationb) Congestionc) Edemad) Hemorrhagee) Infarction 9. Chronic passive congestion of the liver “Nut meg liver” mostoften results from:- a) Right sided HFb) Liver cirrhosisc) Hepato-renal failured) Left sided HFe) Portal HTN 10.Nut-meg liver is defined as:- a) Fatty liverb) Acute venous congestion of the liverc) Amyloid liverd) Chronic venous congestion of the livere) Cloudy swelling of the liver 11.On examination of a liver slide by microscope you found liver cell necrosisaround dilated central veins. This lesion is most likely called:- a) Nutmeg liverb) Liver necrosisc) Fatty change liverd) Amyloid livere) Toxemia of liver
4 12.Post mortem examination of a case reveals bilateral edema oflower limbs and Nutmeg liver. In such case one would also expect tofind:- a) Pulmonary embolus.b) Right side heart failure.c) Portal vein thrombosis.d) Biliary cirrhosis.e) Splenic amyloidosis. 13.All of the followings would be expected in liver with chronicvenous congestion except:- a) Increased weight of liverb) Nutmeg pattern.c) Central zonal necrosis of liver lobules.d) Increased size of livere) Wrinkled capsule 14.Which of the followings is true for nutmeg liver:- a) This is the gross description of the liver in case of hepatic amyloidosisb) It is the microscopic description of the liver in hepatic bilharziasisc) It is a gross state of yellow and dark red mottling of the liver due to passivecongestiond) It is extensive iron deposition in hepatocytese) It is a caseating granuloma of the liver
5 15.A 49 year old man with right sided heart failure. He develops thefollowings except:- a) Nut meg liverb) Edema of lower limbc) Cyanosisd) Dilatation of right ventriclee) Lung congestion 16.In chronic venous congestion of the lung, alveolar spaces contain:- a) Red cellsb) Heart failure cellsc) Transudate fluidd) Hemosiderin granulese) All of the above 17.Lung with chronic venous congestion with brown pigment inalveolar macrophages. This pigment is most likely:- a) Hematinb) Melaninc) Carbon particlesd) Hemosiderine) Lipofuscin 18.The lungs of a patient with mitral stenosis may contain numeroushemosiderin-laden cells within the alveoli. These cells are called:- a) Endothelial cellsb) Pneumocytesc) Heart failure cellsd) T-lymphocytese) Eosinophils
6 19.Heart failure cells are present within the alveoli as a result of:- a) Petechial hemorrhage.b) Ecchymosisc) Purpura.d) Active hyperemia.e) Passive congestion. 20.Heart failure cells are indicative of:- a) Right sided heart failureb) Pulmonary stenosisc) Pulmonary embolismd) Pulmonary venous congestione) Myocardial infarct 21.Which of the following statements is true for heart failure cells:- a) They’re pulmonary macrophages engulfing hemosiderin in cases of lung congestionb) They’re macrophages engulfing necrotic material in cases of myocardial infarctionc) They’re dead myocardial cells caused by heart failured) They’re stem cells that regenerate the myocardium in cases of heart failuree) None of the above 22.Three major factors that predispose to thrombosis are:- a) Decreased blood viscosity, accelerated blood flow and endothelial damageb) Increased blood viscosity, accelerated blood flow and endothelial damagec) Endothelial damage, increased blood viscosity and diminished blood flowd) Fibrinolysis, fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall and atherosclerosise) Disintegration of WBCs lysosomes, thrombocytopenia and bacteremia
7 23.As regard Virchow’s triad:- a) It describes the pathogenesis of congestionb) It describes the pathogenesis of thrombosisc) It describes the pathogenesis of hyperemiad) Healthy intima is one of its componentse) Anemia is one of its causes 24.As regards thrombosis, Virchow’s triad includes the followingexcept:- a) Endothelial injuryb) Stasis or turbulent blood flowc) Hypercoagulability of bloodd) Thrombocytopenia 25.Thrombosis is caused by:- a) Rough intimab) Decreased plateletsc) Decreased plasma heparind) Neutropeniae) Anemia 26.The factors predisposing to thrombosis include:- a) Smooth intimab) Slow blood flowc) Anemiad) Rapid flowe) Diluted blood
8 27.Thrombosis is caused by all of the following except:- a) Increased blood viscosityb) Venous stasisc) Increased number of blood plateletsd) Roughening of endothelial lining of blood vesselse) Vasodilatation 28.Which of the following isn’t associated with thrombosis:- a) Activation of thrombosis mechanismb) Endothelial damagec) Formation of platelets aggregatesd) Thrombocytopeniae) Vascular stasis 29.Disorders leading to change in blood elements that predispose tothrombosis include all of the following except: a) Delivery.b) Operation.c) Polycythemia Rubra Vera.d) Leukemia.e) Vitamin K deficiency 30.These factors predispose to venous thrombosis except:- a) Operationsb) Right sided HFc) Anti-coagulant therapyd) Polycythemiae) Varicose veins
9 31.Which of the followings has no relation to thrombus formation:- a) Increased platelet numberb) Polycythemiac) Aneurysmal sacs and varicose veinsd) Atheromae) Normal leucocytic count 32.The following are factors in venous thrombosis except:- a) Endothelial damageb) Increased viscosity of bloodc) Decreased plasma proteinsd) Increased fibrinogen 33.The commonest site of thrombus formation is:- a) Heartb) Capillaryc) Large arteryd) Veine) Small artery 34.Venous thrombosis can occur in all of the followings except:- a) Postoperative stateb) After deliveryc) Severe burnsd) Anemiae) Prolonged bed ridden
10 35.A thrombus in vein is called:- a) Mural thrombusb) Ball-valve thrombusc) Vegetationd) Phlebothrombosise) None of the above 36.Thrombophlebitis is:- a) Venous thrombosisb) Thrombosis of inflamed veinc) Thrombosis of inflamed arteryd) Thrombosis in a vein due to blood stagnation 37.Three days after a labor a 20 year old lady presented withswollen tender leg. The possible diagnosis is:- a) Hyperemia of the legb) Venous embolization of the legc) Septic shockd) Deep venous thrombosis of the lege) Blood clot 38.Which of the following is most closely associated with deep veinthrombosis:- a) Prolonged bed restb) Always accompanied by thrombocytopeniac) Its commonest location is lower esophagusd) Also termed varicocelee) None of the above
11 39.Which of the following is true about post-operative thrombosis:- a) It may result from stasis and venous compression due to bed restb) It affects arteries more commonly than veinsc) It results from massive increase of leucocytic countd) All of the abovee) None of the above 40.Thrombosis over the left ventricle is called:- a) Mural thrombusb) Auricular thrombusc) Vegetationd) Phlebothrombosise) None of the above 41.A thrombus over the heart valve is called:- a) Mural thrombusb) Ball-valve thrombusc) Vegetationd) Phlebothrombosise) None of the above 42.Vegetations mean:- a) Thrombi on heart valvesb) Arterial thrombic) Venous thrombid) Capillary thrombi
12 43.All are the fate of thrombosis except:- a) Organizationb) Hyperemiac) Fragmentationd) Calcificatione) Recanalization 44.Which of the followings are fates to thrombosis:- a) Embolizationb) Organization and recanalizationc) Fragmentationd) Calcificatione) All of the above 45.The followings are good fates of thrombus except:- a) Lysis.b) Recanalization.c) Retraction.d) Embolization.e) Organization.
13 1 b 16 e 31 e 2 a 17 d 32 c 3 b 18 c 33 d 4 b 19 e 34 d 5 b 20 d 35 d 6 c 21 a 36 b 7 c 22 c 37 d 8 b 23 b 38 a 9 a 24 d 39 a 10 d 25 a 40 a 11 a 26 b 41 c 12 b 27 e 42 a 13 e 28 d 43 b 14 c 29 e 44 e 15 e 30 C 45 d
Cardiovascular Pathology Quiz MCQs
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