Lecture Note
IGCSE Mathematics : How to find the quadratic functions with information given IGCSE may provide you with : ❖ vertex and another point ❖ x - intercepts and a point ❖ vertex or intercepts with a = 1 Remember : y= a(x – h) 2 + k – this is known as the vertex form of a quadratic function a is the constant (h , k) is the coordinate of the vertex The vertex form can be very useful , you should know that : If a< 0, we have a function with a maximum If a> 0, we have a function with a minimum Important to know : When the vertex form is y = a(x + h) 2 + k ,
The coordinate of the vertex will be ( - h , k) since the value of h must be negative for the original vertex form to change : (x – ( - h)) + k = (x + h) Likewise , When the vertex form is y = a(x – h) 2 - k , The coordinate of the vertex will be (h , - k) since the value of k must be must be negative for the original vertex form to change : a(x – h) 2 +( - k) = a(x – h) 2 - k GIVEN VERTEX AND ANOTHER POINT Find the equation of the quadratic equation given the vertex ( 2, – 4 ) and the y - intercept of 8. y= a(x – h) 2 + k 1 st piece of information given : vertex ( 2, -4 ) , therefore , h = 2 and k = -4 Substitute , y = a (x – 2 ) 2 – 4 2 nd piece of information give : y - intercept of 8, therefore , x = 0 and y = 8 Substitute , 8 = a ( 0 – 2 ) 2 – 4 8 = a ( -2 ) 2 – 4 8 = 4 a – 4 8 + 4 = 4 a – 4 + 4
4 a = 12 a = 3 Therefore , the equation is y = 3 (x – 2 ) 2 – 4 or 3 x 2 – 12 x + 8. GIVEN X - INTERCEPT AND A POINT Find the quadratic equation with x intercepts ( -2, 0 ) and ( 2, 0 ) and passing through the point ( 1, 3 ) . y= ax 2 + bx + c For this question you have to find a , b and c . 1 st piece of information given : x = -2, y = 0 and x = 2, y = 0 Substitute : 0 = 4 a – 2 b + c … [ 1 ] 0 = 4 a + 2 b + c … [ 2 ] [ 1 ] – [ 2 ] = 0 = -4 b Therefore , b = 0 2 nd piece of information given : x = 1 and y = 3 Substitute : 3 = a + b + c 3 = a + c [Since b = 0 ]
c = 3- a … [ 3 ] Substitute [ 3 ] into [ 1 ] 0 = 4 a + 3 – a 3 a + 3 = 0 Therefore , a = -1 Since a = -1 and b = 0 , We can substitute this information to [ 1 ] to find c , 0 = -4 + c Therefore , c = 4 Consider y= ax 2 + bx + c , y = - x 2 + 4 VERTEX OR INTERCEPTS WITH A = 1 Find the quadratic equation in the form y = a(x – b) 2 + c When the vertex is at ( 3, -1 ) and the value of a = 1. Information given : a = 1, h = 3 and k = -1 Substitute into y= a(x – h) 2 + k :
y = (x – 3 ) 2 – 1 y = x 2 – 6 x + 8
IGCSE Mathematics: How to find the quadratic functions with information given
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