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CFA InstituteCourse
CFA Level 2 - Ethical and Professional StandardsPages
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2023
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CFA Level 2 - Ethical and Professional Standards Session 1 - Reading 3 - LOS b (Notes, Practice Questions, Sample Questions) 1. Sharon Fischer manages an equity mutual fund, and she uses soft dollars generated on this account to obtain municipal bond research foran associate whose fund is small and does not generate a sufficientlevel of soft dollars for his municipal bond research needs. With regardto this action, which of the following statements is most accurate? Thisaction is: A) not permissible; Fischer is not in violation of her fiduciary duties. B) not permissible; Fischer is in violation of her fiduciary duties. C) permissible; Fischer is not in violation of her fiduciary duties Explanation: (B) — Since the research purchased is not relevant to the client assets generating the soft dollars, the action is not permissible. Bythis action, she is effectively transferring assets belonging to the equityclients to the clients of the municipal fund. This is in violation of theCode and Standards 2. Waldmann Brothers & Company offers Pyramid Investment Advisors the use of its proprietary investment allocation software. This package ispurported to improve the risk-return trade-off for assets undermanagement, and is also useful for the generation of various diagnosticreports that will benefit Pyramid. Goldman, Pyramid’s CEO estimates thatabout 70 percent of the value of the package is the improvement of therisk-return trade-off, and that this will be valuable to the holders ofPyramid’s Growth Fund. The remaining value of the package accrues toPyramid in the form of increased management efficiency. If the value of
the package is $50,000 per year, how much of this must be paid byPyramid? A) $15,000. B) $35,000.C) $50,000. Explanation: (A) — Since approximately 30 percent of the value of the asset accrues to the management of the investment firm, 0.30 * 50,000 =$15,000 should be paid by Pyramid. The remainder can be funded withsoft dollars, since the balance of the value will accrue to the clients whowill directly benefit from the acquisition of the asset 3. Marc Schultz manages an equity mutual fund, and he uses soft dollars generated on this account to obtain equity research to assist him inmanaging the portfolio. With regard to this action, which of the followingstatements is CORRECT? This action is: A) permissible; Schultz is not in violation of his fiduciary duties. B) not permissible; Schultz is in violation of his fiduciary duties.C) not permissible; Schultz is not in violation of his fiduciary duties Explanation: (A) — Since the research is relevant to the client assets and is used for the benefit of the client, the action is permissible, and there isno violation 4. Springfield Investment Advisors uses soft dollars generated with mutual fund transactions to get software that is used 50% of the time toassist in the management of client assets. Which of the followingstatements is CORRECT? This action is: A) permissible only if the firm pays for 50% of the software cost with itsown resources.
B) not permissible since items purchased must provide 100% of theirbenefits to clients.C) permissible since items purchased with soft dollars must be tangible,and software is intangible Explanation: (A) — As long as the software is used for the benefit of clients 50% of the time it is permissible to pay for 50% of the softwarewith soft dollars. The remainder must be paid for by the firm with its ownresources 5. Springfield Investment Advisors uses soft dollars generated with mutual fund transactions to get software that is only useful for themanagement of the investment firm. Which of the following statementsis CORRECT? This is: A) not permissible since items purchased with soft dollars must provideat least 50% of their benefits to the client. B) not permissible since items purchased with soft dollars must providea benefit to the client. C) permissible since items purchased with soft dollars must provide abenefit to the firm Explanation: (B) — This action is not permissible—items purchased must provide a benefit to the client. The firm is responsible for securing assetsnecessary for the operation of the firm from the firm’s resources 6. Jason Wariner manages an equity mutual fund and directs trades to various brokers on the basis of their research coverage of the equitybeing traded. The commissions paid vary somewhat (i.e., he knows thathe could occasionally save on the commission by dealing with a brokerother than the one handling the transaction) but are believed to bereasonable in relation to the research and execution services provided.With regard to this practice, which of the following statements isCORRECT? This action is:
A) not permissible; Wariner is in violation of his fiduciary duties. B) permissible; Wariner is not in violation of his fiduciary duties. C) not permissible; Wariner is not in violation of his fiduciary duties Explanation: (B) — Since the research is relevant to the client assets and is used for the benefit of the client, the action is permissible, and there isno violation so long as the value of the research obtained iscommensurate with the differential in cost paid 7. Rochelle Bell is the Chief Investment Officer at a money management company that claims it is in compliance with CFA Institute Soft DollarStandards. Last year the company had $10 million of soft dollar fundsaccruing from commissions available but only spent $8 million onresearch services. This year Bell estimates that the company will have$11 million of soft dollar funds available. Bell analyzes the researchservices that the firm wishes to purchase and places them into fourcategories: fully available for soft dollars, mixed usage, not available forsoft dollars, and cannot be determined. The total of soft dollarsallocated to the first two groups is $7 million, and there are $500,000 ofexpenditures in the group for which she cannot determine whether theyare suitable for soft dollar expenditures. Bell should: A) allocate $500,000 of this year's soft dollars to this last group.B) use the 50-50 rule and allocate $250,000 of soft dollars to this lastgroup. C) not allocate any of the soft dollars to this last group. Explanation: (C) — In cases when the manager cannot determine whether the expenditure qualifies for soft dollars, soft dollars cannot be used 8. Springfield Investment Advisors uses soft dollars generated with mutual fund transactions to get software that is only useful for the
management of client assets. Which of the following statements isCORRECT? This is: A) not permissible, since items purchased with soft dollars must providea benefit to the firm. B) permissible, since items purchased with soft dollars must provide abenefit to the client. C) not permissible, since items purchased with soft dollars must betangible, and software is intangible. Explanation: (B) — This action is permissible, since the software is relevant and provides a benefit to the client 9. Elaine Black, CFA has recently been hired as the Chief Investment Officer at a money management company that does not claim it is incompliance with CFA Institute Soft Dollar Standards. Her formercompany was in compliance. Which of the following statementsconcerning CFA Institute Soft Dollar Standards is CORRECT? Black: A) cannot use soft dollars to pay for research services except when thecommissions originate from principle trades.B) must ignore all provisions set forth in the CFA Institute Soft DollarStandards except when they are consistent with the Standards ofProfessional Conduct. C) must abide by the conditions set forth in the Standards ofProfessional Conduct concerning soft dollars and can chose to acceptsome of the CFA Institute Soft Dollar Standards Explanation: (C) — Black must abide by the Standards of Professional Conduct, but can still follow any of the Soft Dollar Standards that shedesires 10. Liz Davis is a portfolio manager for a firm that claims it is in compliance with CFA Institute Soft Dollar Standards. In purchasing
bonds for the account of the pension fund of Richards Company, nocommissions were paid but there was a spread charged by the brokerbetween the purchase and sale price of the bonds. The brokerage on thetrade is not governed by any securities regulation. The specificbrokerage from the trade: A) cannot be used to benefit any other client. B) can be used to benefit another client as long as Davis receives priorconsent from Richards. C) can be used to benefit another client as long as Richards benefitsfrom other the client’s brokerage in the future Explanation: (B) — Prior consent must be given in the case of a principal trade
Ethical and Professional Standards - Session 1 - Reading 3 - LOS b
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