Answer Key
CFA Level 2 - Equity Session 12-Reading 46 Private Company Valuation-LOS e (Practice Questions, Sample Questions) 1. Given the following figures, calculate the normalized EBITDA for a financial and strategic buyer. Reported EBITDA $4,500,000Current Executive Compensation $700,000Market-Based Executive Compensation $620,000Current SG&A expenses $6,300,000SG&A expenses after synergistic savings $5,600,000Current Lease Rate $300,000Market-Based Lease Rate $390,000The normalized EBITDA for each type of buyer is:Financial Buyer Strategic Buyer A) $4,190,000 $4,890,000B) $4,670,000 $5,370,000 C) $4,490,000 $5,190,000 <Explanation>: <C> Both strategic and financial buyers will attemptto reduce executive compensation to market levels by $80,000($700,000 ? $620,000). They will also have to pay a higher lease rateof $90,000 ($390,000 ? $300,000). So the adjustment for both
buyers to generate normalized EBITDA is $4,500,000 + $80,000 ?$90,000 = $4,490,000.However, only a strategic buyer will be able to realize synergisticsavings of $700,000 ($6,300,000 ? $5,600,000). So normalizedEBITDA for a strategic buyer is $5,190,000 and for a financial buyerit is $4,490,000 2. Given the following figures, calculate the FCFF. Assume the earnings and expenses are normalized and that capital expenditures will coverdepreciation plus 3 percent of the firm’s incremental revenues.Current Revenues $30,000,000Revenue growth 6%Gross profit margin 20%Depreciation expense as a percent of sales 1%Working capital as a percent of sales 15%SG&A expenses $3,800,000Tax rate 30% A) $927,400.B) $1,785,400. C) $1,245,400 The answer is calculated as follows: <Explanation>: <C>Pro forma Income StatementRevenues $31,800,000Cost of Goods Sold $25,440,000Gross Profit $6,360,000SG&A Expenses $3,800,000
Pro forma EBITDA $2,560,000Depreciation and amortization $318,000Pro forma EBIT $2,242,000Pro forma taxes on EBIT $672,600Operating income after tax $1,569,400 Adjustments to obtain FCFFPlus: Depreciation and amortization $318,000Minus: Capital expenditures $372,000Minus: Increase in working capital $270,000FCFF $1,245,400 The following provides a line by line explanation for the abovecalculations. Pro forma Income Statement ExplanationRevenues Current revenues times the growth rate: $30,000,000 ×(1.06)Cost of Goods Sold Revenues times one minus the gross profitmargin: $31,800,000 × (1 ? 0.20)Gross Profit Revenues times the gross profit margin: $31,800,000 ×0.20SG&A Expenses Given in the questionPro forma EBITDA Gross Profit minus SG&A expenses: $6,360,000 ?$3,800,000Depreciation and amortization Revenues times the given depreciationexpense: $31,800,000 × 0.01Pro forma EBIT EBITDA minus depreciation and amortization:$2,560,000 ? $318,000Pro forma taxes on EBIT EBIT times tax rate: $2,242,000 × 0.30Operating income after tax EBIT minus taxes: $2,242,000 ? $672,600
Adjustments to obtain FCFFPlus: Depreciation and amort. Add back noncash charges from aboveMinus: Capital expenditures Expenditures cover depreciation andincrease with revenues: $318,000 + (0.03 × $31,800,000 ?$30,000,000)Minus: Increase in working capital The working capital will increaseas revenues increase: (0.15 × $31,800,000 ? $30,000,000)FCFF Operating income net of the adjustments above 3. Which of the following best describes the use of FCFF and FCFE when used in private firm valuation? A) FCFF is usually favored if the firm is going to change its capitalstructure because the WACC is less sensitive to leverage changesthan the cost of equity. B) FCFE is usually favored if the firm is going to change its capitalstructure because the equityholders are usually the investorsrequesting the valuation.C) FCFE is usually favored if the firm is going to change its capitalstructure because the cost of equity is less sensitive to leveragechanges than the WACC <Explanation>: <A> Free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) can be used tovalue the firm as a whole and free cash flow to equity (FCFE) can beused for equity. FCFF is usually favored if the firm is going tosignificantly change its capital structure. The reason is that thediscount rate used for FCFF valuation, the weighted average cost ofcapital (WACC), is less sensitive to leverage changes than thediscount rate used for FCFE valuation, the cost of equity. Thus, theFCFF valuation will not vary as much as the FCFE valuation
CFA Level 2 - Equity Session 12 - Reading 46 Private Company Valuation-LOS e
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