Answer Key
CFA Level 2 - Economics Session 4 - Reading 19 Foreign Exchange Parity Relations - LOS g (Practice Questions, Sample Questions) 1. Which of the following statements regarding relative Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is least accurate? A) It claims that the exchange rate movements should exactly o set anyinflation di erential between two countries. B) In order for relative PPP to hold, countries with higher rates ofexpected inflation should see their currencies appreciate. C) Because PPP holds in the long run, it is somewhat useful inexchange-rate determination in the short run. [Explanation: In order for relative PPP to hold, countries with higherrates of expected inflation should see their currencies depreciate] 2. Which of the following statements regarding relative purchasing power parity (PPP) is least accurate? A) To keep the relative cost of goods and services the same acrossborders, countries with higher rates of expected inflation should seetheir currencies depreciate. B) Short-term inflation di erentials are insignificant in regard toexchange rates; only the long-run di erentials are important torelative PPP. C) If relative PPP holds, overvalued currencies will depreciate overtime, while undervalued currencies will appreciate
[Explanation: According to relative PPP, exchange rates will adjust toinflation di erentials. However, empirical evidence indicates thatrelative PPP tends to hold over the longer term, but not over the shortterm] 3. The law of one price is: A) not dependent on the potential for arbitrage profits to hold inpractice. B) consistent with absolute purchasing power parity (PPP) because itstates that identical goods should have the same price in all locationsafter adjusting for exchange rate e ects. C) inconsistent with purchasing power parity (PPP) because it statesthat identical goods should have the same price in all locations afteradjusting for exchange rate e ects. [Explanation: The law of one price is consistent with absolutepurchasing power parity (PPP) because it states that identical goodsshould have the same price in all locations after adjusting forexchange rate e ects] 4. Which of the following statements regarding purchasing power parity (PPP) is least accurate? A) Under absolute PPP the foreign price level expressed in domesticcurrency terms should be equal to the domestic country’s price level. B) Relative PPP states that prices for goods and services are the samewhether it is for one good or for a basket of goods.
C) Absolute PPP is similar to the law of one price, except it concerns abasket of goods rather than a single good [Explanation: Relative PPP does not state that prices for goods andservices are the same, only that the rate of change in the FX rate is afunction of the inflation di erentials between the two countries] 5. The law of one price applies with respect to: A) both absolute and relative PPP.B) relative PPP, but does not apply to absolute PPP. C) absolute purchasing power parity (PPP), but does not apply torelative PPP. [Explanation: The law of one price focuses on a single, clearlycomparable good and states that the same good should have the samereal prices in all countries. Absolute PPP is an average version of thelaw of one price. Rather than focusing on a single good, absolute PPPfocuses on a weighted average price level of a representative basket ofgoods and services. Relative PPP holds that exchange rate movementsreflect di erences in inflation rates between countries. The relativeversion depends on the growth rates of prices in two countries. It isthe rate of inflation (i.e., the relative rate of change in prices) that iscritical here] 6. Which of the following purchasing power concepts depends on the growth rate of prices in two countries? A) Absolute PPP. B) Relative purchasing power parity (PPP).
C) International Fisher relation [Explanation: Relative PPP holds that exchange rate movementsreflect di erences in inflation rates between countries. The relativeversion depends on the growth rates of prices in two countries] 7. With respect to the relative purchasing power parity (PPP) equation, compounded inflation rates are applicable when: A) inflation rates are expected to hold for multiple periods over acertain stated time horizon. B) real interest rates are expected to hold for multiple periods over acertain stated time horizon.C) expected exchange rates are expected to hold for multiple periodsover a certain stated time horizon [Explanation: Relative PPP holds that exchange rate movementsreflect di erences in inflation rates between countries. The relativeversion depends on the growth rates of prices in two countries. It isthe rate of inflation that is critical here. It is necessary to make a slight adjustment to the relative PPPequation to account for the compounded inflation rate over the timehorizon if the problem involves multiple periods: St / S0 = (1 + iFC)t / (1 + iDC)t] 8. Kelly Gerard, CFA, a currency trader with the Mega Currencies Fund, is interested in using relative purchasing power parity (PPP) to identify
value situations among currencies. Gerard believes that a currency’sfundamental value can be established by its inflation rate. Which of thefollowing statements is CORRECT in Gerard’s assumptions regardingrelative PPP? Relative PPP can help to identify: A) overvalued currencies that could tend to depreciate immediately. B) overvalued currencies that could tend to depreciate over the longrun. C) undervalued currencies that could tend to depreciate over the longrun [Explanation: Although evidence tends to suggest that PPP does nothold in the short run, empirical evidence suggests that relative PPPdoes tend to hold more closely over the longer term. Currencies thatbecome overvalued or undervalued in relation to PPP over time tendto eventually revert back to the long-term level predicted by relativePPP. That means relative PPP is somewhat useful in exchange ratedetermination in the short run because currencies that are overvaluedrelative to their PPP-determined fundamental value will tend todepreciate, while undervalued currencies will tend to appreciate.However, the adjustment period can sometimes be quite long (i.e.,several years)] 9. Harold Jennings, CFA, an economist the World Bank, is considering the use of purchasing power parity (PPP) as a useful tool in forecastingexchange rates for certain South American countries. The appropriatemethod he should use is: A) relative PPP because it tends to hold over the short run. B) relative PPP because it tends to hold over the long run.
C) absolute PPP because it tends to hold over the long run [Explanation: Although evidence tends to suggest that PPP does nothold in the short run, empirical evidence suggests that relative PPPdoes tend to hold more closely over the longer term. Currencies thatbecome overvalued or undervalued in relation to PPP over time tendto eventually revert back to the long-term level predicted by relativePPP. That means relative PPP is somewhat useful in exchange ratedetermination in the short run because currencies that are overvaluedrelative to their PPP-determined fundamental value will tend todepreciate, while undervalued currencies will tend to appreciate.However, the adjustment period can sometimes be quite long (i.e.,several years). Note that absolute PPP is of little use In determiningexchange rates because we would need to have identical individualgoods and services to establish validity, and goods consumed arerarely identical between various countries]
LOS g CFA Level 2 - Economics Session 4 - Reading 19 Foreign Exchange Parity Relations
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