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CFA Program Level 1 | Fixed IncomePages
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CFA Level 1 - Fixed Income Session 16 - Reading 65 - LOS f (Notes, Practice Questions, Sample Questions) 1. You are considering the purchase of a three-year annual coupon bond with a par value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5.5%. You havedetermined that the spot rate for year 1 is 5.2%, the spot rate for yeartwo is 5.5%, and the spot rate for year three is 5.7%. What would yoube willing to pay for the bond now? A) $995.06. B) $937.66.C) $1,000.00 Explanation: A) You need the find the present value of each cashflow using the spot rate that coincides with each cash flow.The present value of cash flow 1 is: FV = $55; PMT = 0; I/Y = 5.2%; N= 1; CPT → PV = -$52.28. The present value of cash flow 2 is: FV = $55; PMT = 0; I/Y = 5.5%; N= 2; CPT → PV = –$49.42. The present value of cash flow 3 is: FV = $1,055; PMT = 0; I/Y =5.7%; N = 3; CPT → PV = –$893.36. The most you pay for the bond is the sum of: $52.28 + $49.42 +$893.36 = $995.06 2. A 3-year option-free bond (par value of $1,000) has an annual coupon of 9%. An investor determines that the spot rate of year 1 is6%, the year 2 spot rate is 12%, and the year 3 spot rate is 13%. Usingthe arbitrage-free valuation approach, the bond price is closest to:
A) $1,080. B) $912. C) $968 Explanation: B) We can calculate the price of the bond bydiscounting each of the annual payments by the appropriate spotrate and finding the sum of the present values. Price = [90 / (1.06)]+ [90 / (1.12)2] + [1,090 / (1.13)3] = 912. Or, in keeping with thenotion that each cash flow is a separate bond, sum the followingtransactions on your financial calculator:N = 1; I/Y = 6.0; PMT = 0; FV = 90; CPT → PV = 84.91 N = 2; I/Y = 12.0; PMT = 0; FV = 90; CPT → PV = 71.75 N = 3; I/Y = 13.0; PMT = 0; FV = 1,090; CPT → PV = 755.42 Price = 84.91 + 71.75 + 755.42 = $912.08 3. A 2-year option-free bond (par value of $1,000) has an annual coupon of 6%. An investor determines that the spot rate of year 1 is5% and the year 2 spot rate is 8%. Using the arbitrage-free valuationapproach, the bond price is closest to: A) $992. B) $966. C) $1,039. Explanation: B) The arbitrage free valuation approach is theprocess of valuing a fixed income instrument as a portfolio of zerocoupon bonds. We can calculate the price of the bond bydiscounting each of the annual payments by the appropriate spotrate and finding the sum of the present values. Bond price = [60 /(1.05)] + [1,060 / (1.08)2] = $966. Or, in keeping with the notion thateach cash flow is a separate bond, sum the following transactionson your financial calculator:
N = 1; I/Y = 5.0; PMT = 0; FV = 60; CPT → PV = 57.14 N = 2; I/Y = 8.0; PMT = 0; FV = 1,060; CPT → PV = 908.78 Price = 57.14 + 908.78 = $966. 4. A 2-year option-free bond (par value of $10,000) has an annual coupon of 15%. An investor determines that the spot rate of year 1 is16% and the year 2 spot rate is 17%. Using the arbitrage-freevaluation approach, the bond price is closest to: A) $9,694. B) $8,401.C) $11,122 Explanation: A) We can calculate the price of the bond bydiscounting each of the annual payments by the appropriate spotrate and finding the sum of the present values. Price = [1,500/(1.16)]+ [11,500/(1.17)2] = $9,694. Or, in keeping with the notion that eachcash flow is a separate bond, sum the following transactions onyour financial calculator:N=1, I/Y=16.0, PMT=0, FV=1,500, CPT PV=1,293N=2, I/Y=17.0, PMT=0, FV=11,500, CPT PV=8,401Price = 1,293 + 8,401 = $9,694 5. Current spot rates are as follows: 1-Year: 6.5%2-Year: 7.0%3-Year: 9.2%Which of the following is CORRECT
A) For a 3-year annual pay coupon bond, all cash flows can bediscounted at 9.2% to find the bond's arbitrage-free value.B) The yield to maturity for 3-year annual pay coupon bond can befound by taking the geometric average of the 3 spot rates. C) For a 3-year annual pay coupon bond, the first coupon can bediscounted at 6.5%, the second coupon can be discounted at 7.0%,and the third coupon plus maturity value can be discounted at 9.2%to find the bond's arbitrage-free value Explanation: C) Spot interest rates can be used to price couponbonds by taking each individual cash flow and discounting it at theappropriate spot rate for that year’s payment. Note that the yield tomaturity is the bond’s internal rate of return that equates all cashflows to the bond’s price. Current spot rates have nothing to dowith the bond’s yield to maturity 6. Which of the following statements concerning arbitrage-free bond prices is NOT correct? A) Credit spreads are affected by time to maturity.B) The determination of spot rates is usually done using risk-freesecurities. C) It is not possible to strip coupons from U.S. Treasuries and resellthem Explanation: C) It is possible to both strip coupons from U.S.Treasuries and resell them, as well as to aggregate strippedcoupons and reconstitute them into U.S. Treasury coupon bonds.Therefore, arbitrage arguments ensure that U.S. Treasurysecurities sell at or very near their arbitrage free values. Forvaluing non-Treasury securities, a credit spread is added to each
treasury spot yields. The credit spread is a function of default riskand the term to maturity 7. Which of the following statements concerning the arbitrage-free valuation of non-Treasury securities is CORRECT? The credit spreadis: A) a function of default risk and the term to maturity. B) only a function of the bond's term to maturity.C) only a function of the bond's default risk. Explanation: A) For valuing non-Treasury securities, a credit spreadis added to each treasury spot yields. The credit spread is afunction of default risk and the term to maturity 8. The arbitrage-free bond valuation approach can best be described as the: A) use of a series of spot interest rates that reflect the currentterm structure. B) use of a single discount factor.C) geometric average of the spot interest rates. Explanation: A) The use of multiple discount rates (i.e., a series ofspot rates that reflect the current term structure) will result inmore accurate bond pricing and in so doing, will eliminate anymeaningful arbitrage opportunities. That is why the use of a seriesof spot rates to discount bond cash flows is considered to be anarbitrage-free valuation procedure.
9. A three-year bond with a 10% annual coupon has cash flows of $100 at year 1, $100 at year 2, and pays the final coupon and theprincipal for a cash flow of $1,100 at year 3. The spot rate for year 1 is5%, the spot rate for year 2 is 6%, and the spot rate for year 3 is 6.5%.What is the arbitrage-free value of the bond? A) $1,050.62.B) $975.84. C) $1,094.87. Explanation: C) Spot interest rates can be used to price couponbonds by taking each individual cash flow and discounting it at theappropriate spot rate for that year’s payment. To find thearbitrage-free value:Bond value = [$100 / (1.05)] + [$100 / (1.06)2] + [$1,100 / (1.065)3] =$95.24 + $89.00 + $910.63 = $1,094.87 10. Which of the following packages of securities is equivalent to a three-year 8% coupon bond with semi-annual coupon payments anda par value of 100? A three-year zero-coupon bond: A) with a par of 100 and six zero-coupon bonds with a par value of 4and maturities equal to the time to each coupon payment of thecoupon bond. B) with a par of 100 and six zero-coupon bonds with a par value of 8and maturities equal to the time to each coupon payment of thecoupon bond.C) with a par value of 150 and six 8% coupon bonds with a maturityequal to the time to each coupon payment of the above bond.
Explanation: A) This combination of zero-coupon bonds has exactlythe same cash flows as the above coupon bond and therefore it isequivalent to it
CFA Level 1 - Fixed Income Session 16 - Reading 65 - LOS f
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