Lecture Note
University
California State UniversityCourse
PSY 150 | Introduction to PsychologyPages
1
Academic year
2023
Jithin Jacob Issac
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0
p {margin: 0; padding: 0;} .ft00{font-size:21px;font-family:NimbusSansBold;color:#000000;} .ft01{font-size:18px;font-family:NimbusSansBold;color:#000000;} .ft02{font-size:15px;font-family:OpenSymbol;color:#000000;} .ft03{font-size:18px;font-family:NimbusSans;color:#000000;} .ft04{font-size:18px;line-height:23px;font-family:NimbusSans;color:#000000;} RELATIVISM AND PRESCRIPTIVISM Emotivism and Prescriptivism Stevenson (1944): Moral language is emotive - it expresses attitudes andinfluences behavior. Separates factual from attitudinal. Problem: Still left with conflicting attitudes, no basis to choose among them. Contemporary philosophers: Moral views must be supported by reasons -morally relevant, not just self-interest. Hare's universal prescriptivism: Moral statements contain implicit actionrecommendation of what one ought to do. Justification is universalizability: If I advocate an action, I must accept anyonein the same situation ought to do the same. Similar to Golden Rule. Relativism Idea originated with Greek Sophists. Descriptive level is cultural anthropologyand sociology. Strong cultural biases make it hard to accept foreign customs as moral.Globalization exposes managers to unfamiliar practices. Durkheim and functionalism: societies develop customs to fulfill needs. Noindependent standard of right and wrong. Issue: No basis then for moral condemnation of obvious evils. Contradiction: relativism itself implies non-relativist values of tolerance. Clarification: Having multiple justified moral standards, not no standards.Judgments relative to defensible standards. Even "basic" moral evaluations may depend on cultural context. Objectivism also fails - no independent universal moral standard holds up. In summary, key topics covered include emotivism, prescriptivism, relativism, andproblems with both relativist and objectivist positions. Main headings highlightimportant ethical frameworks and issues.
RELATIVISM AND PRESCRIPTIVISM
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